Networking+Background

**Background**

Computer Network Programming involves writing computer programs that communicate with each other across a computer network. Different programs must be written for the client process, which initiates the communication, and for the server process, which waits for the communication to be initiated. Both endpoints of the communication flow are implemented as network sockets; hence network programming is basically socket programming.

A computer network is typically made up of a server, or client workstation, an operating system, some sort of cabling and a network interface card. The network interface card is what allows the computer to be part of a network of other computers. It contains the communication circuits needed for the computer to function on a network.

Once connected to a network, computers can share and exchange information as well as resources. For most small business networks there is one or more server computers coordinating the network's activities. Some servers do require a specific type of operating system, though the larger servers can typically work with most operating systems. The network is responsible for making routing decisions.

**Personal area networks:** Supports interconnection of information technology within a range of about 33 feet **Local area networks (Home Area Network):** Connects computer systems and devices within a small area (e.g., office or home) **Metropolitan area Networks:** Connects users and their devices in a geographical area that spans a campus or city

**Wide area networks (Campus Ar ea Network):** Ties together large geographic regions **Storage area networks:** a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated block level data storage. These are used primarily to make storage devices accessible to servers so that the devices appear like locally attached devices to the operating system.

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